代理 · 技术文档

[TOC] # nginx反向代理配置及优化 ## 前言: 由于服务器apache抗不住目前的并发.加上前端squid配置后,问题依然无法解决.而页面程序大部分是动态.无法使用fastcgi来处理.因此想使用nginx做为反向代理apache.整个配置安装过程很简单.在考虑高并发的情况下,在安装前就做了些优化.目前配置能抗住3000以上并发.好像不是特别大哦?呵~~ 但足以~~ 只是还有少量499问题..期待有人跟我讨论解决 ## 第1部分:安装 1 建立用户及组 ~~~ /usr/sbin/groupadd www /usr/sbin/useradd -g www www ~~~ 2 安装pcre 让nginx支持rewrite 方便以后所需 ~~~ wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.8.tar.gz tar zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gz cd pcre-7.8/ ./configure make && make install ~~~ 3 安装nginx ~~~ wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.58.tar.gz tar zxvf nginx-0.7.58.tar.gz cd nginx-0.7.58/ ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-cc-opt='-O2' --with-cpu-opt=opteron make && make install ~~~ > 注意上文中的--with-cc-opt='-O2' --with-cpu-opt=opteron 这是编译器优化,目前最常用的是-02 而不是3.后面对应CPU的型号,可参照:http://wiki.gentoo.tw/index.php/HOWTO_CFLAG ## 第2部分:配置及优化配置文件 1. nginx.conf 配置文件: ~~~ user www www; worker_processes 4; # [ debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit ] error_log /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx_error.log crit; pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid; #Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process. worker_rlimit_nofile 51200; events { use epoll; worker_connections 51200; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; source_charset GB2312; server_names_hash_bucket_size 256; client_header_buffer_size 256k; large_client_header_buffers 4 256k; #size limits client_max_body_size 50m; client_body_buffer_size 256k; client_header_timeout 3m; client_body_timeout 3m; send_timeout 3m; #参数都有所调整.目的是解决代理过程中出现的一些502 499错误 sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 120; #参数加大,以解决做代理时502错误 tcp_nodelay on; include vhosts/upstream.conf; include vhosts/bbs.linuxtone.conf; } ~~~ 2. upstream.conf 配置文件(这也是做负载的配置方法)：upstream.conf ~~~ upstream bbs.linuxtone.com { server 192.168.1.4:8099; } ~~~ 3. 站点配置文件“bbs.linuxtone.conf” ~~~ server { listen 80; server_name bbs.linuxtone.conf; charset GB2312; index index.html index.htm; root /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/; location ~ ^/NginxStatus/ { stub_status on; access_log off; } location / { root /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/; proxy_redirect off ; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; client_max_body_size 50m; client_body_buffer_size 256k; proxy_connect_timeout 30; proxy_send_timeout 30; proxy_read_timeout 60; proxy_buffer_size 256k; proxy_buffers 4 256k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k; proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404; proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m; proxy_pass http://bbs.linuxtone.com; } #参数都有所调整.目的是解决代理过程中出现的一些502 499错误 #Add expires header for static content location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf)$ { if (-f $request_filename) { root /date/wwwroot/linuxtone/; expires 1d; break; } } log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for'; access_log /exp/nginxlogs/bbs.linuxtone_access.log access; } ~~~ > 注:第二种代理方式 > nginx 处理下图片,html等静态的东西.其它动态由apache处理.因此apache也需要做一些参数调整. > 设置图片等过期时间.缓解请求. > 如果源与nginx在同一台机器建议使用如下方法: > location / { > proxy_pass http://192.168.1.4:8099/; > proxy_redirect default ; > } > 针对不同的目录进行代理把下面的配置放到根目录代理的上面 > location /linuxtone/ { > proxy_pass http://192.168.1.4:8099/linuxtone/; > proxy_redirect default ; > } 4. 源配置 ~~~ <VirtualHost 192.168.1.4:8099> ServerAdmin liuyu105#gmail.com DocumentRoot /date/wwwroot/linuxtone ServerName bbs.linuxtone.com ErrorLog logs/linuxtone_error_log CustomLog "|/usr/local/sbin/cronolog logs/linuxtone_access_log.%Y%m%d" combined </VirtualHost> ~~~ ## 第3部分:源的优化 1. apache-mpm.conf ~~~ <IfModule mpm_prefork_module> StartServers 15 MinSpareServers 15 MaxSpareServers 30 ServerLimit 2536 MaxClients 2048 MaxRequestsPerChild 1500 </IfModule> ~~~ 2. apache-keepalive ~~~ Timeout 120 #与nginx的保持一至 KeepAlive On MaxKeepAliveRequests 400 KeepAliveTimeout 7 ~~~ ## 第4部分:PHP的优化优化一:将PHP由之前的xcache换成eaccelerator 1. 安装 ~~~ wget http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2 tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2 cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/ /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize ./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/php5/bin/php-config make make install ~~~ 注:PHP路径以安装为准! 2. 配置 ~~~ sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\n#' /etc/php.ini sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /etc/php.ini sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /etc/php.ini ~~~ 配置eAccelerator加速PHP： ~~~ mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache vi /etc/php.ini ~~~ 按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息： ~~~ [eaccelerator] zend_extension="/usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so" eaccelerator.shm_size="128" eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache" eaccelerator.enable="1" eaccelerator.optimizer="1" eaccelerator.check_mtime="1" eaccelerator.debug="0" eaccelerator.filter="" eaccelerator.shm_max="0" eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300" eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120" eaccelerator.shm_only="0" eaccelerator.compress="1" eaccelerator.compress_level="9" ~~~ 优化二:联系开发重新编译php减少php的模块.以减少php进程所占用内存数.这块尽管影响不大,但也有一定的作用.编译前也可以参照nginx的编译器优化方式安装. ## 第5部分:测试并启动nginx ~~~ ulimit -SHn 51200 /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx ~~~ ## 第6部分:nginx日志切割脚本 ~~~ #!/bin/bash # This script run at 00:00 # The Nginx logs path logs_path="/exp/nginxlogs/" mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/ mv ${logs_path}bbs.linuxtone_access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/bbs.linuxtone_access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid` ~~~ ~~~ crontab -e 00 00 * * * /bin/bash /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh ~~~